Congress Split


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Congress Split

The Split in the Congress (1907) : There were many differences in opinion between the moderates and extremists. The Indian National Congress (INC) split into two groups - the extremists and the moderates, at the Surat Session in 1907

  • The Moderates used petition, prayers, meetings, leaflets, pamphlets, memorandum and delegations to present their demands to the British government.
  • On the other hand, Extremists believed in agitation, strikes, and boycotts. Nationalists led by Lokmanya Tilak agitated against the Moderates.
  • The split between these two sections became visible at the end of Congress' Banaras Session (1905). Lokmanya Tilak and his followers held a separate conference and formed the Extremist Party. 
  • However they decided to work as a part of the INC. The difference between moderates and extremists widened in Congress' Calcutta Session of (1906) and attempts were made to elect one of them as the president.
  • The moderates opposed the resolutions on Swaraj , Swadeshi boycott of foreign goods and National Education and requested to withdraw from the policy laid down in the Calcutta session.
  • But the extremists were not ready to do so. The radicals/extremists took Swaraj to mean total freedom from British domination, while for the moderates it just meant an increased role for Indians in British administration.
  • The moderates accepted the Swadeshi movement, but refused to boycott British goods, feeling it would embitter relations between the British and Indians. Also, the radicals wanted to stop Western education and follow Indian education, which the moderates were against. These differences brought about a split in the congress in 1907.
  • The immediate cause of split in the INC at its Surat Session was Election of the President to the INC. Moderates wanted Lala Lajpat Rai whereas moderates wanted Rash Behari Gosh. Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh was elected but the extremists had an objection to this election.

    Lucknow Pact : The Lucknow Session 1916 (Presided by Ambica Charan Majumdar) was special in many respects.

  • Firstly, this session brought the moderates and extremists in Congress on common platform again after nearly a decade, particularly due to efforts of Annie Besant. The Congress President in his address said that “if the congress was buried at Surat, it is reborn in Lucknow .
  • Secondly, Congress and All India Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact.
  • Congress and Muslim League negotiated an agreement whose main clauses are as follows:-
  • There shall be self-government in India.
  • There shall be self-government in India.
  • Of the two Under Secretaries, one should be Indian.
  • The Executive should be separated from the Judiciary.
  • These are some major demands of Hindus & Muslims after the Lucknow Pact.

    Sample Questions
    (More Questions for each concept available in Login)
    Question : 1

    The Indian National Congress was split between moderates and extremists in 1907 at :-

    Right Option : A
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    The breach between the Moderates and the Extremists occurred in the Congress session at ____________

    Right Option : B
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    The first split in the Indian National Congress took place at Surat in :-

    Right Option : B
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    Explanation
     
     


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